Canada Map

Description: This map shows governmental boundaries of countries; provinces, territories, province capitals, territory capitals, and major cities in Canada.

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Canada occupies the northern portion of North America and ranks as the world's second-largest country by total area, spanning approximately 3.85 million square miles (9.98 million square kilometers). The nation shares its southern border with the United States and its northwestern border with the U.S. state of Alaska. The Atlantic Ocean bounds Canada to the east, the Pacific Ocean to the west, and the Arctic Ocean to the north.

The country has a population of approximately 41,6 million people as of 2025. Ottawa serves as the federal capital, while Toronto stands as the most populous city with over 2.9 million residents in its proper boundaries. Other major urban centers include Montreal, Vancouver, Calgary, and Edmonton. These cities concentrate most of Canada's population, as the vast northern territories remain sparsely inhabited due to harsh climate conditions.

Canada operates a highly developed mixed-market economy, ranking among the world's top ten largest economies by nominal GDP. The nation possesses abundant natural resources, including petroleum, natural gas, minerals, and timber. The service sector dominates the economy, accounting for nearly 70% of GDP, while manufacturing, technology, and resource extraction also play significant roles. The country maintains strong trade relationships, particularly with the United States, its largest trading partner.

The tourism industry contributes substantially to the Canadian economy, attracting over 22 million international visitors annually. Niagara Falls draws millions of tourists who view the massive waterfalls from the Canadian side. The Rocky Mountains offer world-class skiing, hiking, and mountaineering opportunities in provinces like British Columbia and Alberta. Banff and Jasper National Parks showcase pristine wilderness and diverse wildlife. Quebec City preserves historic colonial architecture, while the CN Tower in Toronto provides panoramic urban views.

Canada functions as a parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy, recognizing the British monarch as head of state. The nation officially maintains bilingualism, with both English and French holding federal status. The country joined the confederation in 1867 and has since developed into one of the world's most politically stable and economically prosperous nations.

The Facts:

Flag:
Capital:	Ottawa
Area:	3,855,100 sq mi (9,984,670 sq km)
Population:	~ 41,651,653 (2025 Q3 estimate)[1]
Official language:	English, French
Religion:	53.3% - Christian 4.9% - Muslim 2.3% - Hindu 2.1% - Sikh 1.0% - Buddhist 0.9% - Jewish
Ethnic groups:	69.8% - White 7.1% - South Asian 5% - Indigenous 4.7% - Chinese 4.3% - Black 2.6% - Filipino 1.9% - Arab 1.6% - Latin American 1.1% - Southeast Asian 1% - West Asian 0.6% - Korean 0.3% - Japanese
Currency:	Canadian dollar ($) (CAD)
Driving side:	Right
Calling code:	+1
Internet TLD:	.ca
Time zone:	UTC−3.5 to −8 Summer (DST) UTC−2.5 to −7
Gross domestic product (PPP) (2025 estimate):	$2.730 trillion (Total) $65,707 (Per capita)
Gross domestic product (nominal) (2025 estimate):	$2.225 trillion (Total) $53,558 (Per capita)
Official government website:	www.canada.ca
Governor General of Canada:	www.gg.ca
Official tourism website:	travel.gc.ca

Google Map of Canada

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List of Largest Cities in Canada

1. Toronto
2. Montreal
3. Calgary
4. Ottawa
5. Edmonton
6. Winnipeg
7. Mississauga
8. Vancouver
9. Brampton
10. Hamilton
11. Surrey
12. Quebec City
13. Halifax
14. Laval
15. London
16. Markham
17. Vaughan
18. Gatineau
19. Saskatoon
20. Kitchener
21. Longueuil
22. Burnaby
23. Windsor
24. Regina
25. Oakville

26. Richmond
27. Richmond Hill
28. Burlington
29. Oshawa
30. Sherbrooke
31. Greater Sudbury
32. Abbotsford
33. Lévis
34. Coquitlam
35. Barrie
36. Saguenay
37. Kelowna
38. Guelph
39. Trois-Rivières
40. Whitby
41. Cambridge
42. St. Catharines
43. Milton
44. Langley
45. Kingston
46. Ajax
47. Waterloo
48. Terrebonne
49. Saanich
50. St. John's

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Provinces and territories of Canada

Provinces

List of Provinces of Canada

Province	Capital	Area	Population	Official language
Ontario	Toronto	16,182,641	1,076,395	English
Quebec	Quebec City	9,111,629	1,542,056	French
Nova Scotia	Halifax	1,079,627	55,284	English
New Brunswick	Fredericton	858,963	72,908	English, French
Manitoba	Winnipeg	1,504,023	647,797	English
British Columbia	Victoria	5,722,318	944,735	English
Prince Edward Island	Charlottetown	179,280	5,660	English
Saskatchewan	Regina	1,250,909	651,036	English
Alberta	Edmonton	4,960,097	661,848	English
Newfoundland and Labrador	St. John's	545,579	405,212	English

Territories

List of Territories of Canada

Territory	Capital	Area	Population	Official language
Northwest Territories	Yellowknife	45,074	1,346,106	Chipewyan, Cree, English, French, Gwichʼin, Inuinnaqtun, Inuktitut, Inuvialuktun, North Slavey, South Slavey, Tłįchǫ
Yukon	Whitehorse	47,126	482,443	English, French
Nunavut	Iqaluit	41,414	2,093,190	Inuinnaqtun, Inuktitut, English, French

Geography of Canada

Canada encompasses approximately 9.98 million square kilometers, making it the world's second-largest country by total area. The nation stretches across six time zones and contains diverse physiographic regions that include the Canadian Shield, the Interior Plains, the Cordillera, and the Appalachian region. The Canadian Shield, a vast expanse of ancient Precambrian rock, dominates the eastern and central portions of the country. This geological formation holds substantial mineral resources and encompasses numerous lakes and rivers carved by glacial activity.

Mountain systems define Canada's western and eastern edges. The Western Cordillera contains the Rocky Mountains, Coast Mountains, and various other ranges, with Mount Logan in Yukon reaching 5,959 meters as the country's highest peak. The Appalachian Mountains extend through the Atlantic provinces, featuring considerably lower elevations.

Canada possesses more lake area than any other nation, with the Great Lakes system and numerous inland bodies of water including Great Bear Lake, Great Slave Lake, and Lake Winnipeg. Three major ocean coastlines—the Atlantic, Pacific, and Arctic—give Canada the world's longest national coastline at approximately 243,000 kilometers. The St. Lawrence River system serves as a critical waterway connecting the Great Lakes to the Atlantic Ocean.

Climate conditions vary dramatically across the country. The maritime provinces experience moderate temperatures with significant precipitation due to ocean influences. Continental climates characterize the interior regions, producing cold winters and warm summers with considerable temperature ranges. The Prairie provinces endure harsh winters and relatively dry conditions. Coastal British Columbia benefits from mild, wet conditions influenced by Pacific currents. Arctic regions face extreme cold with short summers and permafrost coverage. Southern Ontario and Quebec experience humid continental climates with four distinct seasons, while northern territories remain frozen for most of the year.

Islands of Canada

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Major Rivers of Canada

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List of The Largest Lakes in Canada

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List of the highest mountain peaks in Canada

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Brief History of Canada

Indigenous peoples inhabited the territory now known as Canada for thousands of years before European contact. Archaeological evidence places human presence in the region as far back as 26,000 years ago. Various First Nations, Inuit, and Métis groups developed distinct cultures, languages, and trading networks across the continent.

European exploration began in the late 15th century when John Cabot reached Newfoundland in 1497. French explorer Jacques Cartier claimed the St. Lawrence River region for France in 1534, initiating French colonization. Samuel de Champlain founded Quebec City in 1608, establishing New France as a permanent settlement focused on the fur trade.

Britain gradually gained control of Canadian territories through warfare and treaties. The Seven Years' War ended in 1763 with the Treaty of Paris, which transferred New France to British control. The Quebec Act of 1774 preserved French civil law and Catholic rights, creating a unique bilingual framework.

The Constitutional Act of 1791 divided the colony into Upper and Lower Canada. Rebellions in both regions during 1837-1838 prompted political reforms. The British North America Act of 1867 united Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick into the Dominion of Canada, establishing a federal system of government. John A. Macdonald became the first Prime Minister.

Canada expanded westward throughout the late 19th century. The government acquired Rupert's Land from the Hudson's Bay Company in 1870. Manitoba, British Columbia, Prince Edward Island, Alberta, and Saskatchewan joined Confederation between 1870 and 1905. The Canadian Pacific Railway, completed in 1885, connected the nation coast to coast.

The 20th century brought increased autonomy. Canada gained legislative independence through the Statute of Westminster in 1931 and patriated its constitution in 1982, severing the last formal legal ties to Britain while maintaining the constitutional monarchy.

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References

1. ^ Population estimates, quarterly. Statistics Canada

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