Islands of New Caledonia

New Caledonia is a special collectivity of France located in the southwest Pacific Ocean, approximately 750 miles (1,210 kilometers) east of Australia. The archipelago consists of the main island, Grande Terre, and several smaller island groups.

Grande Terre, the largest island, stretches approximately 250 miles (400 kilometers) in length and 31 miles (50 kilometers) in width. It is characterized by a central mountain range, the Chaîne Centrale, with peaks reaching heights over 5,000 feet (1,500 meters). The island's west coast features expansive plains suitable for cattle grazing, while the east coast is marked by steep cliffs and lush valleys. The capital city, Nouméa, located on the southern end of Grande Terre, serves as the economic and administrative center of New Caledonia.

The Loyalty Islands form one of the three provinces of New Caledonia, situated east of the main island. This archipelago comprises three main inhabited islands: Lifou, Maré, and Ouvéa. Lifou, the largest of the Loyalty Islands, covers an area of 445 square miles (1,150 square kilometers) and is known for its limestone cliffs, pristine beaches, and traditional Melanesian culture. Maré, the second-largest island, features dramatic basalt rock formations and unique geological formations, while Ouvéa is distinguished by its 15-mile-long white sand beach and UNESCO-listed lagoon.

The Isle of Pines, located southeast of Grande Terre, earned its name from the abundant native pine trees (Araucaria columnaris) that characterize its landscape. The island, known locally as Kunié, is renowned for its pristine beaches, particularly Kuto Bay and Kanumera Bay, and its crystal-clear waters ideal for snorkeling and diving.

These islands collectively represent significant biodiversity, with unique flora and fauna adapted to their specific environments. The marine ecosystems surrounding these islands are particularly diverse, featuring extensive coral reefs and lagoons that host numerous endemic species. The islands maintain strong Kanak cultural traditions while supporting a growing tourism industry based on their natural attractions and cultural heritage.